Evangelou, George; Georgiou, Orestis and Moore, James W.. 2023. Using virtual objects with hand-tracking: the effects of visual congruence and mid-air haptics on sense of agency. IEEE Transactions on Haptics, 16(4), pp. 580-585. ISSN 1939-1412 [Article]

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Abstract or Description

Virtual reality expands the possibilities of human action. With hand-tracking technology, we can directly interact with these environments without the need for a mediating controller. Much previous research has looked at the user-avatar relationship. Here we explore the avatar-object relationship by manipulating the visual congruence and haptic feedback of the virtual object of interaction. We examine the effect of these variables on the sense of agency (SoA), which refers to the feeling of control over our actions and their effects. This psychological variable is highly relevant to user experience and is attracting increased interest in the field. Our results showed that implicit SoA was not significantly affected by visual congruence and haptics. However, both of these manipulations significantly affected explicit SoA, which was strengthened by the presence of mid-air haptics and was weakened by the presence of visual incongruence. We propose an explanation of these findings that draws on the cue integration theory of SoA. We also discuss the implications of these findings for HCI research and design.

Item Type:	Article
Identification Number (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.1109/TOH.2023.3274304
Additional Information:	Research supported by UKRI with ESRC SeNSS. Grant number: 2238934. ‘For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising’
Data Access Statement:	Data supporting this study are available, please contact the corresponding author
Keywords:	Virtual objects, action, mid-air haptics, visual congruence, agency, human-computer interaction
Departments, Centres and Research Units:	Psychology
Dates:	Date Event 26 April 2023 Accepted 8 May 2023 Published Online December 2023 Published
Item ID:	33451
Date Deposited:	05 May 2023 13:31
Last Modified:	08 Jan 2024 11:09
Peer Reviewed:	Yes, this version has been peer-reviewed.
URI:	https://research.gold.ac.uk/id/eprint/33451

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