Snakes and ghosts in a parity-time-symmetric chain of dimers

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Susanto, H.; Kusdiantara, R.; Li, N.; Kirikchi, O. B.; Adzkiya, D.; Putri, E. R. M. and Asfihani, T.. 2018. Snakes and ghosts in a parity-time-symmetric chain of dimers. Pysical Review E, 97(062204), ISSN 2470-0045 [Article]

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Abstract or Description

We consider linearly coupled discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equations with gain and loss terms and with a cubic-quintic nonlinearity. The system models a parity-time (PT )-symmetric coupler composed by a chain of dimers. Particularly we study site-centered and bond-centered spatiallylocalized solutions and present that each solution has a symmetric and antisymmetric configuration between the arms. When a parameter is varied, the resulting bifurcation diagrams for the existence of standing localized solutions have a snaking behaviour. The critical gain/loss coefficient above which the PT−symmetry is broken corresponds to the condition when bifurcation diagrams of symmetric and antisymmetric states merge. Past the symmetry breaking, the system no longer has timeindependent states. Nevertheless, equilibrium solutions can be analytically continued by defining
a dual equation that leads to so-called ghost states associated with growth or decay, that are also identified and examined here. We show that ghost localized states also exhibit snaking bifurcation
diagrams. We analyse the width of the snaking region and provide asymptotic approximations in the limit of strong and weak coupling where good agreement is obtained.

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Article

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https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.97.062204