Melodic expectations in 5- and 6-year-old children

Politimou, Nina; Douglass-Kirk, Pedro; Pearce, Marcus; Stewart, Lauren and Franco, Fabia. 2021. Melodic expectations in 5- and 6-year-old children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 203, 105020. ISSN 0022-0965 [Article]

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Abstract or Description

It has been argued that children implicitly acquire the rules relating to the structure of music in their environment using domain-general mechanisms such as statistical learning. Closely linked to statistical learning is the ability to form expectations about future events. Whether children as young as 5 years can make use of such internalized regularities to form expectations about the next note in a melody is still unclear. The possible effect of the home musical environment on the strength of musical expectations has also been under-explored. Using a newly developed melodic priming task that included melodies with either “expected” or “unexpected” endings according to rules of Western music theory, we tested 5- and 6-year-old children (N = 46). The stimuli in this task were constructed using the information dynamics of music (IDyOM) system, a probabilistic model estimating the level of “unexpectedness” of a note given the preceding context. Results showed that responses to expected versus unexpected tones were faster and more accurate, indicating that children have already formed robust melodic expectations at 5 years of age. Aspects of the home musical environment significantly predicted the strength of melodic expectations, suggesting that implicit musical learning may be influenced by the quantity of informal exposure to the surrounding musical environment.

Item Type:

Article

Identification Number (DOI):

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2020.105020

Keywords:

Auditory perception development, Melody, Implicit musical learning, Priming, Expectations, Home musical environment

Departments, Centres and Research Units:

Psychology

Dates:

DateEvent
1 October 2020Accepted
30 November 2020Published Online
March 2021Published

Item ID:

33291

Date Deposited:

20 Mar 2023 09:44

Last Modified:

21 Mar 2023 13:39

Peer Reviewed:

Yes, this version has been peer-reviewed.

URI:

https://research.gold.ac.uk/id/eprint/33291

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