Lai, Giuseppe; Landi, David; Vidaurre, Carmen; Bhattacharya, Joydeep and Herrojo Ruiz, Maria. 2024. Cardiac cycle modulates alpha and beta suppression during motor imagery. Cerebral Cortex, 34(11), bhae442. ISSN 1047-3211 [Article]

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Abstract or Description

Previous interoception research has demonstrated that sensory processing is reduced during cardiac systole, an effect associated with diminished cortical excitability, possibly due to heightened baroreceptor activity. This study aims to determine how phases of the cardiac cycle—systole and diastole—modulate neural sensorimotor activity during motor imagery (MI) and motor execution (ME). We hypothesised that MI performance, indexed by enhanced suppression of contralateral sensorimotor alpha (8–13 Hz) and beta (14–30 Hz) activity, would be modulated by the cardiac phases, with improved performance during diastole due to enhanced sensory processing of movement cues. Additionally, we investigated whether movement cues during systole or diastole enhance muscle activity. To test these hypotheses, 29 participants were instructed to perform or imagine thumb abductions, while we recorded their electroencephalography, electrocardiogram, and electromyogram (EMG) activity. We show that imaginary movements instructed during diastole lead to more pronounced suppression of alpha and beta activity in contralateral sensorimotor cortices, with no significant cardiac timing effects observed during ME as confirmed by circular statistics. Additionally, diastole was associated with significantly increased EMG on the side of actual and, to a lesser degree, imagined movements. Our study identifies optimal cardiac phases for MI performance, suggesting potential pathways to enhance MI-based assistive technologies.

Item Type:	Article
Identification Number (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhae442
Additional Information:	Funding: This work was supported by LiquidWeb s.r.l. and Goldsmiths, University of London (408252). C.V. is supported by the Basque Government through the BERC 2022–2025 program, the Spanish State Research Agency through BCBL Severo Ochoa excellence accreditation CEX2020-001010/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and project PID2020-118829RB-I00 (CalmBCI) funded by the Spanish State Research Agency.
Keywords:	baroreceptor hypothesis; heart-to-brain interaction; interoception; systole; diastole.
Departments, Centres and Research Units:	Psychology
Dates:	Date Event 23 October 2024 Accepted 22 November 2024 Published
Item ID:	37852
Date Deposited:	18 Nov 2024 11:37
Last Modified:	25 Nov 2024 09:42
Peer Reviewed:	Yes, this version has been peer-reviewed.
URI:	https://research.gold.ac.uk/id/eprint/37852

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