Codifying Game‑Based Learning: Development and Application of LEAGUÊ Framework for Learning Games
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Tahir, Rabail and Wang, Alf Inge. 2020. Codifying Game‑Based Learning: Development and Application of LEAGUÊ Framework for Learning Games. Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 18(1), pp. 69-87. ISSN 1479-4403 [Article]
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final EJEL paper.pdf - Accepted Version Available under License Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial. Download (9MB) | Preview |
Abstract or Description
Educational games are now seen as effective learning tools. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding the core dimensions of Game‑based learning (GBL) for comprehensive design, analysis, and evaluation due to inconsistent use of elements. The literature on GBL reports an extensive diversity of elements used for the design and evaluation of GBL without any categorization of micro and macro‑level elements. Hardly any studies systematically decompose these aspects to derivate factors/sub‑factors, obstructing identification of any clear pattern. The problem is not the scarcity of GBL research but inconsistency in terminology, scope, definition, and usage of elements leading to the absence of a holistic view of GBL for effective design and evaluation. This study bridges the gap by outlining terminology and scope with four conceptual levels and then systematically categorizing GBL elements by scope, definition, and usage. The methodology used is directed content analysis of GBL literature collected through a previous systematic literature review. Dimensionalization of GBL and further decomposition into factor/sub‑factors based on theoretical constructs, has resulted in a consistent and clear pattern delineating the structure of the educational game design, analysis, and evaluation. Further codifying metrics and mapping the relationship among GBL dimensions deduce into a conceptual framework (called LEAGUÊ) that facilitates greater insight into the process of learning with educational games, where to focus and what to evaluate. The LEAGUÊ framework can be applied for the analysis, design and evaluation of learning games. The framework is put in practice by utilizing the framework components (dimensions, factors/sub‑factors and relations) to develop three items: 1) an analysis instrument, 2)a card‑based ideation and design toolkit, and 3) an evaluation guide that can assist educational game designers, researchers, educators and evaluators for the analysis, design and evaluation of learning games respectively. This paper exemplifies the application of framework for the analysis of learning games using the analysis instrument (developed using LEAGUÊ framework) with one case study as an example.
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Article |
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The Electronic Journal of e-Learning operates an Open Access Policy. This means that users can read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, is that authors control the integrity of their work, which should be properly acknowledged and cited. Papers can be freely redistributed and reused under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution license (CC BY) or any Creative Commons License that the author has chosen. https://academic-publishing.org/index.php/ejel/about |
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| Keywords: |
game-based learning, educational games, learning games, framework, dimensions, factors, relations, game analysis, evaluation, design |
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| Item ID: |
39480 |
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| Date Deposited: |
04 Sep 2025 08:13 |
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| Last Modified: |
04 Sep 2025 22:01 |
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Peer Reviewed: |
Yes, this version has been peer-reviewed. |
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